Which canine vaccines protect against Bordetella?

Three licensed platforms:

1. Intranasal (e.g., Nobivac® Intra-Trac): rapid mucosal immunity within 48–72 h.
2. Oral (Bronchi-Shield® Oral): similar onset, easy to administer.
3. Injectable (Recombitek® C4): systemic immunity; onset 7–10 days.

Intranasal and oral products stimulate IgA at the respiratory epithelium and are preferred for boarding, daycare, and show dogs.